Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy On IL-36 Levels in Serum, Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the level of inflammatory marker IL-36β in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis, before and after phase I therapy. Methods: A total of fifty subjects was included in this study; 20 Type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis (group I) and 20 systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis (group II) in addition to 10 systemically healthy subjects with clinically healthy gingiva as a control group (group III). The nonsurgical periodontal therapy was done to both group I and group II. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and the clinical attachment level, in all the sites were recorded. GCF and serum were collected from all individuals included in the study; the first sample was collected from all groups (study and control) before phase I therapy. The second sample was collected 6 weeks after phase I therapy from group I& group II. Levels of IL-36β in GCF and serum were quantified using ELISA. Results. The current results showed statistically significant reduction in total level of IL-36β in serum and GCF in both groups; Type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis group (I) and systemically healthy with periodontitis group (II) after phase I therapy. Results also showed all clinical parameters were significantly improved after the phase I periodontal therapy in both groups I &II (p<0.001). Conclusions. Scaling and root planning (SRP) is the mainstay of treatment of periodontal diseases as SRP was effective in improving clinical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. IL-36β could be used as a potential diagnostic marker for periodontal disease activity in both serum and gingival crevicular fluid.